Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Market Solutions: Infrastructure Problems

Jacob C. Maichel 
It is hard to deny that healthy transportation infrastructure and support systems are paramount to economic growth and success. Unfortunately American roads and highways systems are crumbling more and more by the day and no matter how much the government spends the trend does not seem to shift. A study by the American Society of Civil Engineers determined that 32% of urban roads are in extremely poor condition, with Kansas having the 5th worst roads in the United States1! What can we do to fix our continually deteriorating roads? 
The right answer is not continuing to pour billions of federal dollars into infrastructure projects, atleast without private partnerships. The Trump administration in their 2018 budget proposal meetings began to increase federal spending on infrastructure by $200 billion which continued to undermine the power of American decentralization3. Federal spending and regulation will continue to hamper private responses to these problems if there is not a significant shift in federal policy.  
One of the first barriers is effect that the heavy red tape of regulation is having on development as a whole. Not too long ago in 1970 mandated reviews by the National Environmental Protection Act took an average of 2.2 years while today we are looking at around 6.6 years on the low end2! In the same timeframe we have seen environmental laws raise from only 26 to 70 in total when it comes to infrastructure development3. I am all for the environment but I am also for progress. Instead of the government pouring money into infrastructure perhaps they could spend it elsewhere to bolster environmental protections and cut back regulations allowing states or private industry take over. This way projects could be determined by supply and demand and the most pressing concerns can be addressed first by the people that use the systems, rather than bureaucracy! 
A major factor that prevents someone else from taking the reins from the federal government is the distortion caused by subsidies which reduces other projects return on investment. American investment banks and large pension funds seek to invest in infrastructure projects but often turn to foreign development particularly in Canada, Asia, and Latin America2. Instead of a top down approach the power should be given to states and allow private public partnerships. This is currently difficult to do as any project that receives any federal funds must return all the grant money if it decides to go private. States have also learned to become willingly helpless as they just hold out until roads become so bad the federal government has to pay for the repairs themselves. 
The fact of the matter is that private or local governments are able to do projects exceedingly more efficient. Federal projects have a long track record of having pork barrel spending tied to projects, usually a product of political favors completely removed from the people the project is meant to serve3. Not only have private projects both in and outside of the US been completed cheaper and faster they also remove all the risk from the taxpayer and shift it to the investors backing the project. These projects also create new revenue for the federal government instead of sucking out an ever growing amount of money.  
Something that should very seriously be considered is allowing all 50 states to collect toll revenue from interstate systems and use it to maintain the roads. This has worked incredibly well for India’s toll road which is one of the busiest systems in the world2. Allowing states to tap into this capital to modernize and maintain roads would be a very welcomed shift by anyone who uses these roads on their daily commutes. If the states also had the ability to team up with local innovators they could completely transform the way infrastructure is managed. Economies of scale can help private investors to offset large investments while trying to earn a return, incentivizing efficient allocation of resources.  
The fact remains that the more power is given to the private sector and smaller localized governments the better the results are. If the federal government was able to produce cheaper high quality infrastructure it would make sense for them to control all the means of production… which has failed in every socialist country in the history of humankind. State and local governments should be encouraged to collaborate with the same people they served rather than penalized for taking part in building up their communities. Page Break 

  1. Chris Edwards, “Privatization,” https://www.downsizinggovernment.org, Cato Institute, July 12, 2016.

     Jacob C. Maichel is a Graduate Assistant at the Gwartney Institute and an MBA student at Ottawa University

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